In-Text Citations and Reference Citations

Citations are used to give proper credit to your sources. They give your reader a way to find the same source themselves if they wish to read more into something you discuss. The following examples are guidelines for general citation rules. For more information or examples of other types of citations, stop into the Library and check out the APA 7th Edition Manual. Another great online source is the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL). They have several examples of each type of citation along with a full sample APA paper.

Click HERE to download the APA handout. Use this as a quick reference tool. ​

In-text Citations (citations in the main body of your paper): LINK to OWL

With author in a sentence:

According to John Smith (2012), developing close friendships at a young age makes the adjustment to school life much easier.

Without author in a sentence:

Developing close friendships at a young age makes the adjustment to school life much easier (Smith, 2012). ​

Using a Large Language Model Artificial Intelligence

When prompted with “Do childhood friendships make adjusting to school easier?” the Perplexity.ai-generated text indicated that although childhood friendships can make adjusting to school easier for children, “not all studies have found a direct association between childhood friendships and school adjustment” (Perplexity.ai, 2023).

Reference Citations (citations on your Reference Page):

Journal Articles: LINK to OWL

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,

volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Example:

Negri-Cesi, P. (2015). Bisphenol A Interaction With Brain Development and Functions. Dose-

Respone. 13(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325815590394

Books: LINK to OWL

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher name.

Example:

Geisel, T. (1961). The Sneetches and other stories. Random House.

Multimedia (DVDS, TV Shows, Music, ect...): LINK to OWL

Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production

company.

Example:

Tarantino, Q.J. (Director). (1992). Reservoir Dogs. [Film]. Miramax.

Website Articles: LINK to OWL

Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of page. Site name. http://www.xxxxx.xxx

Example:

Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. 

https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01

Generative Artificial Intelligence Program: Link to APA Style from APA.org

Developer.(Year of the version you used). AI Program Name (Version)[Type of AI]. https://xxxxxxx.xxx

Example:

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT(Aug 3 version)[Large Language model].

https://chat.openai.com/chat

 

More Examples and getting help

There are too many examples to show all of them on this page. You can use the "OWL" links next to each category to view more examples and you can submit your paper to the Academic Support Center or the Writing Lab for them to review your paper and help with any questions you have.

Nursing: Sample APA Paper